Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a chronic skin disease that causes inflammation, redness, and irritation. It is a common childhood condition but can affect anyone at any age without being contagious.
It is characterized by intense itching resulting in redness, swelling, a small collection of clear fluid, crust formation, and peeling. Most patients experience flare-ups and remissions.
Atopic dermatitis is associated with heredity, immune system disorders, and the environment, but its etiology remains unknown. Depending on the severity and anatomical location, its treatment can be a challenge for the treating dermatologist. Treatment reduces symptoms.
Some patients have lifelong atopic dermatitis, but most improve partially or wholly by adulthood.
Its treatment is based on correct and targeted daily skin care. Moisturizers are essential as they repair the skin barrier. The dermatologist recommends the frequency and method of application.
Depending on the severity of atopic dermatitis and your or your child's age, your doctor may prescribe one or more of the following medications:
Corticosteroid lotions and ointments are used to reduce skin irritation. Calcineurin inhibitors can also reduce skin inflammation and flare-ups.
Systemic therapies that suppress abnormal immune responses are reserved for severe diseases and require ongoing monitoring. In resistant cases, biological agents injected under the skin are recommended to stop immune system processes to treat atopic dermatitis.
In addition, a dermatologist may recommend phototherapy, ultraviolet A or B light waves to treat severe, extensive atopic dermatitis.
